An updated list of echinoderm and "carpoid" groups and species in the Bohemian Ordovician is presented in the form of a table with a brief introduction.

Key words: Echinodermata, "Carpoidea", biostratigraphy, Ordovician, Bohemia

In the transgressive clastics and pyroclastics of the Třenice Formation there are only very rare and poorly preserved (sometimes even problematical) remains of cystoids, with the exception of the special sedimentary iron ore deposits in the mine "V Ouzkém", where we can meet a rich fossil fauna, including relatively abundant cystoids of both the groups Diploporita and Rhombifera, represented by fragments and even whole thecae of some stratigraphically significant genera as are Palaeosphaeronites, Echinosphaerites and Glyptosphaerites.

In the Mílina Formation, the echinoderm assemblage does not differ markedly from the previous one. A representative of Rhombifera, Macrocystella? sp., appears for the first time but the findings of this and other fossils are generally scarce and fragmentary.

During the sedimentation of clayey shales of the Klabava Formation the environment did not produce suitable conditions for the existence of echinoderms but in some layers of the calcareous tuffs the first remains of tiny inadunate crinoids in the Bohemian Ordovician have been encountered, particularly their isolated subtle columnals. We suppose that the tuffs formed relatively firm enclaves in the prevalent soft muddy bottom, and thus enabled crinoids to anchor their stems.

A marked turnover of the echinoderm fauna comes with the onset of the Llanvirnian transgression followed by deepening of the sedimentary basin. The number of individuals, species as well as higher taxa dramatically increases. Almost all echinoderm classes known from all over the world at this time are present in the Šárka Formation. From cystoids there are important genera Archegocystis and Pyrocystites (Diploporita), from crinoids especially the readily discernible columnals of ?Ramseyocrinus primus, the oldest Bohemian asterozoans are represented by relatively well-preserved skeletons of the somasteroid Archegonaster, archaic types of ophiuroids Palaeura and Eophiura, and some not yet described true asteroids. All the mentioned taxa are biostratigraphically significant for the Mediterranean palaeoprovince. "Carpoidea" are equally abundant, esp. the genera Mitrocystites, Mitrocystella, Lagynocystites, Balanocystites and Reticulocarpos. It ought to be stressed that here we are using only the old cumulative name "Carpoidea" because it is not the purpose of this article to discuss the problematical phylogenetic relationship of these strange creatures to true echinoderms or calcichordates.

Echinoderm assemblage of the Dobrotivá Formation differs from the previous one in the presence of some other species. While the genus Mitrocystites survives, three other "carpoid" genera are assigned to Prokopicystis, Anomalocystites, and Bohemiaecystis. Stem fragments of the crinoid Ramseyocrinus sp. have been discovered in both the shales and siliceous concretions, but members of other echinoderm groups are rare.

Although the echinoderm assemblage in the Libeň Formation is composed of only a few species, it points to the onset of a typically Caradocian fauna* from cystoids have been found e.g. genera Rhombifera and Echinosphaerites, from eocrinoids Ascocystites, from edrioasteroids "Hemicystites".

Echinoderm fauna of the Letná Formation shows a marked increase in animal diversity of the Barrandian basin. For example, crinoids are represented by the well-known species Caleidocrinus multiramus, eocrinoids by the genera Ascocystites and Mimocystites, coronate blastoids by the genus Mespilocystites, rhombiferan cystoids by Echinosphaerites, Macrocystella and Rhombifera, and edrioasteroids by several species of the cumulative "genera" Agelacrinites and Hemicystites. Skeletons of oegophiurids of the species Bohemura jahni are relatively frequent as well as mass occurrences of in-the-current-oriented thecae of the "carpoid" Dendrocystites barrandei. Sporadic but important are the findings of the rare paracrinoid Letenocrinus longibrachialis (as the members of the class Paracrinoidea have so far been known only from the regions of North America and Baltoscandia).

In the Vinice Formation, echinoderms are confined mostly to the sedimentary environment of oolitic iron ores, being represented by several palaeogeographically significant taxa, e.g. genera Echinosphaerites and Orocystites (Rhombifera), Fungocystites (Diploporita), Mespilocystites (Coronata), and a "carpoid" genus Anomalocystites. The prevalent muddy bottom of other parts of the Vinice Formation does not form a suitable environment for the life of echinoderms.

The echinoderm fauna of the Zahořany Formation constitutes a further abrupt increase in abundance and biostratigraphical importance, with components appearing also in other parts of Europe, Africa, Asia, eastern regions of Northern America, and eastern Australia. Especially frequent are cystoids of the genera Echinosphaerites (Rhombifera), Aristocystites and Codiacystis (Diploporita), while the "carpoid" Dendrocystites sedgwicki may become a useful index species for European and Asian correlation. Unfortunately, numerous edrioasteroids as well as placocystitid and lagynocystitid "carpoids" are not yet revised. Relatively common are the crinoids of the genus Polycrinus, ophiuroid Bohemura and the asteroid Siluraster.

Bohdalec Formation, with its muddy sedimentation, is less suitable for the development of echinoderms. Portions of stems and columnals of the crinoid "Encrinites" (= Caleidocrinus?) artifex are stratigraphically significant, while oegophiurids of the genus Taeniaster are palaeogeographically widespread; the species T. bohemicus is typical for the localities in the so-called "Polyteichus facies" representing relatively firm calcareous-silty substrate of the sedimentary basin but also occurs in the clayey shale of the common facies of the Bohdalec Formation. Resting trails of the latter species and its "brittlestar beds" are also discovered here, possibly the oldest in the world, because the so far known oldest brittlestar beds have been reported from the Permian of U.S.A.

Echinoderms of the Králův Dvůr Formation are scarce but useful for the purpose of correlation, esp. with the Baltoscandian region. They are represented with the cystoid species Echinosphaerites querendus and Eucystis chlupaci, crinoids ?Caleidocrinus artifex and Polycrinus kosoviensis, and the "carpoid" genus Placocystites.

At least, the sedimentary environment of the Kosov Formation does not seem to be very suitable for the life of echinoderms, and particularly very unhappy for their skeletal preservation itself. The majority of remains consist of fragments of the coronate blastoid Mespilocystites (similar to species from France and Iberian Peninsula) and resting trails of (?taeniasterid) ophiuroids originally described by Frič as Spongaster fallax (= Asteriacites fallax).

Barrande, J. (1887): Classe des Échinodermes, I, Ordre des Cystidées. In: Barrande, J.: Systéme silurien du centre de la Bohéme, 7, 1-233. Leipzig - Praha.

Bassler, R. S. (1936): New species of American Edrioasteroidea. - Smithson. Misc. Coll., 95(6): 1-33. Washington, D. C.

Bather, F. A. (1900): The Lower Palaeozoic crinoids of Bohemia. - Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 7th Ser., 102-121. London.

Bather, F. A. (1925): Cothurnocystis: a study in adaptation. - Paläont. Z., 7, 1, 1-15. Berlin.

Bell, B. M. (1976): A study of North American Edrioasteroidea. - New York State Mus. Sc. Serv., Mem., 21, 447 pp. Albany.

Bockelie, J. F. (1981): Functional morphology and evolution of the cystoid Echinosphaerites. - Lethaia, 14, 189-202. Oslo.

Brett, C. E. - Frest, T. J. - Sprinkle, J. - Clement, C. R. (1983): Coronoidea: A new class of blastozoan echinoderms based on taxonomic reevaluation of Stephanocrinus. - J. Paleont., 57, 4, 627-651. Menasha.

Budil, P. - Šarič, R. (1995): Cemented epibionts on the exoskeleton of the odontopleurid trilobite Selenopeltis vultuosa tenyl Šnajdr, 1984. - Bull. Czech Geol. Survey, 70, 2, 29-31. Praha.

Cripps, A. P. (1989): A new stem-group chordate (Cornuta from the Llandeilo of Czechoslovakia and the cornute-mitrate transition. - Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc., 96, 49-85. London.

Čech, S. (1975): Fauna dobrotivského souvrství (ordovik) z příležitostných odkryvů v Praze. - Čas. Nár. muz., Odd přírodověd., 144, 1/4, 89-92. Praha.

Chauvel, J. (1941): Recherches sur les Cystoides et les Carpoides Armoricains. - Mém. Soc. Géol. Minéral. Bretagne, 5 (1939), 1-284. Rennes.

Chauvel, J. (1966): Echinodermes de l Ordovicien du Maroc. - Cahiérs de paléontologie 166, 1-120, 16 Pls. Rabat.

Chauvel, J. (1977): Note complémentaire sur les Cystoides Rhombiféres (Echinodermes) de l Ordovicien marocain. - Notes Serv. géol. Maroc, 38, 268, 115-139, 3 Pls. Rabat.

Chauvel, J. (1978): Compléments sur les Echinodermes du Paléozoique marocain (Diploporites, Eocrinoides, Edrioastéroides). - Notes de Service géologique du Maroc, 39, 272, 27-78, 5 Pls. Rabat.

Chauvel, J. - Meléndez, B. (1978): Les Echinodermes (Cystoides, Asterozoaires, Homalozoaires) de l Ordovicien moyen des Monts de Toléde (Espagne). - Estudios geologico, 34, 75-87. Madrid.

Chlupáč, I. (1951a): Profil králodvorskými břidlicemi (Ashgillian) u Velké Chuchle. - Věst. Král. Čes. Spol. nauk, Tř. mat-přír., 1950, I, 1-10. Praha.

Chlupáč, I. (1951b): Stratigrafické poměry králodvorských břidlic u Karlíka a Zadní Třebáně. - Věst. Ústř. úst. geol., 26, 194-212. Praha.

Chlupáč, I. (1953): Poznámky ke stratigrafii králodvorských břidlic v okolí Litně. - Čas. Nár. Muz., Odd. přírodověd., 122, 1, 28-33. Praha.

Donovan, S. K. (1984): Ramseyocrinus and Ristnacrinus from the Ordovician of Britain. - Palaeontology, 27, 3, 623-634. London.

Donovan, S. K. (1985): The Ordovician crinoid genus Caleidocrinus Waagen and Jahn, 1899. - Geol. J., 20: 109-121. Liverpool.

Donovan, S. K. (1988): The early evolution of the Crinoidea. In: C. R. C. Paul - A. B. Smith (Eds): Echinoderm phylogeny and evolutionary biology. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Ehrenberg, K. (1929): Pelmatozoan root forms (fixation). - Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 59, 1, 1-76. New York.

Fay, R. O. (1962): Mespilocystites, an Ordovician coronate crinoid from Czechoslovakia. - Oklahoma geol. Notes, 22, 156-161. Norman.

Fritsch, A. (1908): Problematica silurica, pp. 1-2, pls 1-12. In: Systéme silurien du centre de la Bohéme. Bellman, Prague.
Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C. - Chauvel, J. - Meléndez, B. - Smith, A. B. (1984): Los equinodermos (Cystoidea, Homalozoa, Stelleroidea, Crinoidea) del Paleozoico inferior de los Montes de Toledo y Sierra Morena (Espaňa). - Estudios geologico 40, 421-453. Madrid.

Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C. - Chauvel, J. - Meléndez, B. (1996): Nuevos equinodermos (cistideos y blastozoos) del Ordovícico de la Cordillera Ibérica (NE Espaňa). - Revista Espaňola de Paleontotogía 11, 1, 100-119. Madrid.

Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C. - Baeza, E. (1996): Descubrimiento de Aristocystites metroi Parsley y Prokop, 1990 (Echinodermata, Diploporita) en el Ordovícico medio centroibérico (Espaňa). - Geogaceta, 20, 1, 225-227. Madrid.

Hammann, W. - Rabano, I. (1987): Morphologie und Lebensweise der Gattung Selenopeltis (Trilobita) und ihre Vorkommen im Ordovizium von Spanien. - Senckenberg. lethaea, 68, 1-4, 91-137. Frankfurt a.M.

Hanuš, F. (1923): Moje sbírka zkamenělin z českého Barrandienu. - Čas. Nár. mus., Odd. přírodověd., 97, 2-3, 1-12, 73-84, 105-116. Praha.

Haeckel, E. (1896): Die Amphoriden und Cystoideen: Beiträge zur Morphologie und Phylogenie der Echinodermen. 179 pp., W. Engelmann. Leipzig.

Havlíček, V. (1982): Ordovician in Bohemia: Development of the Prague Basin and its Benthic Communities. - Sbor. geol. Věd, Geol., 37, 103-136. Praha.

Havlíček, V. (1988): Climatic Changes and Development of Benthonic Communities through the Mediterranean Ordovician. - Sbor. geol. Věd, Geol., 44: 79-116. Praha.

Havlíček, V. - Galle, A. - Příkop, A. (1968): Sbírky Ústředního ústavu geologického. Paleontologické originály, část I. (only internal publ.), 54 pp., ÚÚG. Praha.

Havlíček, V. - Vaněk, J. (1966): The biostratigraphy of the Ordovician of Bohemia. - Sbor. geol. Věd, Paleont., 8, 7-70. Praha.

Herrig, E. - Nestler, H. (1989): Katalog der paläozoologischen Typen. - Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität. Greifswald.

Holub, K. (1918): Spodnosilurská naleziště na Rokycansku. - Čas. Mus. král. Čes., 92, 1: 31-38. Praha.

Jaekel, O. (1899): Stammesgeschichte der Pelmatozoen. I: Thecoidea und Cystoidea. 442 pp., Julius Springer. Berlin.

Jaekel, O. (1918): Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. - Paläeont. Z., 3, 1: 1-128. Berlin.

Jaekel, O. (1903): Asteriden und Ophiuriden aus dem Silur Böhmens. - Z. Deutsch. geol. Ges., 55, 106-113 (november-Protokol). Berlin.

Jaekel, O. (1923): Zur Morphogenie der Asterozoa. - Paläont. Z., 5, 3-4, 344-350. Berlin.

Jefferies, R. P. S. (1973): The Ordovician fossil Lagynocystis pyramidalis (Barrande) and the ancestry of Amphioxus. - Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B, 265, 409-469. London.

Jefferies, R. P. S. - Prokop, R. J. (1972): A new calcichordate from the Ordovician of Bohemia and its anatomy, adaptations and relationships. - Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 4, 2, 69-115. London.

Kesling, R. V. (1962): An interpretation of Rhombifera bohemica Barrande, 1867, an unusual hydrophoridean cystoid. - Contr. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Mich., 17, 13, 277-289. Ann Arbor.

Klouček, C. (1917a): Novinky z krušnohorských vrstev d1?, část druhá. - Rozpravy Čes. Akad. císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění, tř. II, 26, 10, 1-7. Praha.

Klouček, C. (1917b): Nová cystidea z d1?. - Rozpr. Čes. Akad. Věd. Slovesn. Umění, Tř. II, 26, 17, 1-4. Praha.

Koliha, J. (1937): Sur le Trémadocien et sur l´Arénigien inférieur en Bohéme. - Bull. Soc. géol. France, 5 sér., 7, 477-495. Paris.

Marco Gutiérréz, J. C.- Meléndez, B.- Parsley, R. L.- Prokop, R. J.- Marek, L. (1992): Equinodermos (Cystoidea, Homalozoa, Asterozoa) de afinidades Bohemicas en el Ordovicico de las zonas Centroiberica y Ossa Morena, Espaňa. - In: Rabáno, I - Gutiérrez Marco, J. C. (Eds.): Res. Conf. Int. Paleozoico Inferior de Ibero-América. - Publ. Mus. Geol. Extremadura, 1, 35, 79-81. Mérida.

Mergl, M. (1984): Fauna of the Upper Tremadocian of Central Bohemia. - Sborník geol. Věd, Paleont., 26, 9-46. Praha.

Mikuláš, R. (1990): The ophiurid Taeniaster as a tracemaker of Asteriacites, Ordovician of Czechoslovakia. - Ichnos, 1, 133-137. Chur.

Mikuláš, R. - Petr, V. - Prokop, R. J. (1995): The first occurence of a "brittlestar bed" (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in Bohemia (Ordovician, Czech Republic). - Bull. Czech Geol. Survey, 70, 3, 17-24. Praha.

Nestler, H. (1987): Neuuntersuchung des Originals zu Jakel's "Wurzelblase von Ascocystites". - Z. geol. Wiss., 15, 6, 769-771. Berlin.

Parsley, R. L. - Prokop, R. J. (1986): Echinosphaerites (Rhombifera) and its community relationships from the Middle Ordovician of Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. - Proceed. Fifth Int. Echinoderm Conf. (Galway), 1984, p. 166. A. A. Balkema, Amsterdam.

Parsley, R. L. (1988): Probable feeding and respiratory mechanisms in Aristocystites (Diploporida, Middle-Upper Ordovician of Bohemia, CSSR). In: Burke, R. D. et al. (Eds.): Echinoderm Biology: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference, Victoria, 1987, pp. 103-108, A. A. Balkema. Rotterdam.

Parsley, R. L. - Prokop, R. J. (1990): Aristocystites metroi Parsley and Prokop sp. nov., str.292. In: Parsley, R. L.: Aristocystites, a recumbent diploporid (Echinodermata) from the Middle and Late Ordovician of Bohemia, ČSSR. - J. Paleont., 64, 2, 278-293. Lawrence.

Parsley, R. L.(1998): Community setting and functional morphology of Echinosphaerites infaustus (Fistuliporita: Echinodermata) from the Ordovician of Bohemia. - Bull. Czech Geol. Survey, 73, 3, 253-265. Praha.

Paul, C. R. C. (1967): Cystidea Barrande 1868 (Cystoidea: Glyptocystitida): Proposed Suppression Under the Plenary Powers Z.N.(S.) 1813. - Bull. zool. Nomencl., 24, 5, 304-307. London.

Paul, C. R. C. (1972): Cheirocystella antiqua gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Ordovician of Western Utah, and its bearing on the evolution of the Cheirocrinidae (Rhombifera: Glyptocystitida). - Brigham Young Univ. Geol. Studies, 19, 1, 15-63. Provo.

Paul, C. R. C. (1985): Ordovician and Silurian coronates (Echinodermata) from Czechoslovakia. - Geol. J., 20, 21-29. Liverpool.

Perner, J. (1900): Nomenklatura a systematické postavení "Barrandových cystideí". - Věst. Čes. Akad. Věd. Slovesn. Umění, 9, 142-148. Praha.

Petr, V. (1984): Mode of life of the "carpoid" species Anatiferocystis spinosa Ubaghs, 1979 (Homalozoa, Stylophora) from the Bohemian Middle Ordovician. - Čes. kras, 10, 75-79. Beroun.

Petr, V. (1988): A notice on the occurrence of Bohemura jahni (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in the Bohemian Middle Ordovician. - Věst. Ústř. Úst. geol., 63, 1, 35-38. Praha.

Petr, V. (1989a): Revision of morphology and ecology of Bohemura jahni Jaekel, 1903 (Ophiuroidea, Protasteridae) from Bohemian Middle Ordovician. - Sbor. Nár. Muz., ř. B, 45, 1, 1-20. Praha.

Petr, V. (1989b): Two new species of brittle-stars (Ophiuroidea, Protasteridae) from the Upper Ordovician of Bohemia. - Sbor. Nár. Muz., ř. B, 45, 2, 61-71. Praha.

Petránek, J. (1975): Magnetite in oolitic ores of Bohemia. - Čas. Mineral. Geol., 20, 3, 249-258). Praha.

Plas, V. - Prokop, R. J. (1979): ?Argodiscus rarus sp. n. (Edrioasteroidea) from the Šárka Formation (Llanvirn) of Bohemia. - Věst. Ústř. Úst. geol., 54, 1,  41-43. Praha.

Prantl, F. (1945): O rodu Hemicystites Hall. Poznámky k biologii jablovců středočeského ordoviku. - Věda Přír., 23, 9-10, 258-262. Praha.

Prantl, F. (1948): Zapomenutá kapitola z české paleontologie. - Chvilky v přírodě, 1948, 170-174. Praha.

Prokop, R. (1952): Ordovik v Praze. - Vesmír, 31, 3, 89. Praha.

Prokop, R. (1964a): Sphaeronitoidea Neumayr of the Lower Paleozoic of Bohemia (Cystoidea, Diploporita). - Sbor. geol. Věd, Paleont., 3, 7-37. Praha.

Prokop, R. (1964b): Zpráva o geologických výzkumech v ordoviku na východ od Prahy. - Zprávy o geol. výzk. v r. 1963, 103-106. Praha.

Prokop, R. (1965a): Argodiscus hornyi gen. n. et sp. n. (Edrioasteroidea) from the Middle Ordovician of Bohemia and a contribution to the ecology of the edrioasteroids. - Čas. Nár. Muz., Odd. přírodověd., 134, 1, 30-32. Praha.

Prokop, R. (1965b): Hippocystis sculptus (Barrande, 1887) in the Bohemian Middle Ordovician (Cystoidea). - Věst. Ústř. Úst. geol., 40, 4, 303-306. Praha.

Prokop, R. (1970): Significance of Joachim Barrande for the investigation of echinoderms. - In: Colloque international sur Joachim Barrande á Prague et á Liblice le 17 á 20 mai 1969. - Čas. Mineral. Geol., 15, 1, 52-53. Praha.

Prokop, R. J. (1973): Codiacystis bohemica (Barrande, 1887) from the Ordovician of Libya (Cystoidea). - Čas. Mineral.Geol., 18, 1, 73-74. Praha.

Prokop, R. J. (1984): Revision of the genus Polycrinus Jaekel, 1918 (Crinoidea, Inadunata) from the Upper Ordovician of Bohemia. - Čas. Mineral. Geol., 29, 2, 181-184. Praha.

Prokop, R. J. (1985): Revision of Hypophiura Jaekel, 1923 (Ophiuroidea) from the Bohemian Lower Ordovician (Llandeilo). - Čas. Mineral. Geol., 30, 2, 205-208. Praha.

Prokop, R. J. - Petr, V. (1990): Letenocrinus longibrachialis gen. et sp. n. (Echinodermata, Paracrinoidea?) from the Bohemian Middle Ordovician. - Čas.Nár.Muz., Ř. přírodověd., 155 (for 1986), 3-4, 105-108. Praha.

Prokop, R. J. - Petr, V. (1991): Type specimens of fossils in the National Museum, Prague. Vol. 2: Palaeozoic Crinoidea. - National Museum, Museum of Natural History, Praha, pp.1-74, pl. I-X. Praha.

Prokop, R. J. - Petr, V. (1998): Type specimen of fossils in the National Museum, Prague. Vol. 2, Palaeozoic Crinoidea. Supplement 1991-1997. - Čas. Nár. Muz., Ř. přírodověd., 167, 1-4, 1-24. Praha.

Prokop, R. J. - Turek, V. (1997): The crinoid holdfast Lichenocrinus Hall, 1866 in the Ordovician of Bohemia (Czech Republic). - Bull. Czech Geol. Survey, 72, 3, 307-310. Praha.

Regnault, S. (1990): Morphologie et ontogenese des Ascocystitidae (Eocrinoidea): donneés fournies par ĺ etude de faunes de ĺ Ordovicien du Massif Armoricain (France). - Revue de Paléobiol., 9, 2: 349-358. Paris.

Regnéll, G. (1950): "Agelacrinites" ephraemovianus (Bogolubov) and "Lepidodiscus" fistulosus Anderson (Edrioast.) - K. Fysiogr. Sällsk. Lund Förhandl., 20, 20, 218-237. Lund.

Regnéll, G. (1960): The Lower Palaeozoic echinoderm faunas of the British Isles and Balto-Scandia. - Palaeontology, 2, 2, 161-179. London.

Renard, H. (1967): Sur la présence du genre Rhombifera dans les calcaires á Cystoides ĺ Ashgill de la Montagne Noire et d une nouvelle espéce: Rhombifera matteii. - C. R. Somm. Soc. Géol. France, 1967, 7, 298-299. Paris.

Růžička, R. (1927): Fauna vrstev Eulomových rudního ložiska u Holoubkova (v Ouzkém), část II. - Rozpravy II.tř. Čes. Akad. věd a umění, 36, 60, 1-21. Praha.

Schuchert, Ch. (1914): Stelleroidea Palaeozoica. In: Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia (Ed. by F. Frech), pars 3, 53 pp., W. Junk. Berlin.

Schuchert, Ch. (1915): Revision of Paleozoic Stelleroidea with special reference to North American Asteroidea. - U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 88, 1-311. Washington, D.C.

Smith, A. B. (1984): Ophiuroidea (Asterozoa) from the Lower Llanvirn of the Toledo Mountains (Central Spain). - In: Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C. - Chauvel, J. - Meléndez, B. - Smith, A. B.: Los equinodermos (Cystoidea, Homalozoa, Stelleroidea, Crinoidea) del Paleozoico Inferior de los Montes de Toledo y Sierra Morena (Espaňa), Part III. - Estudios geol., 40, 440-443. Madrid.

Smith, A. B. (1988): Fossil evidence for the relationships of extant echinoderm classes and their times of divergence. - In: Paul, C. R. C. - Smith, A. B. (Eds): Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology, Part II, Chapter 7, 85-97. Oxford University Press (Clarendon Press) for Liverpool Geological Society. Oxford, New York.

Smith, A. B. (1990): Evolutionary diversification of echinoderms during the early Palaeozoic. - In: Taylor, P. D. - Larwood, G. P. (Eds): Major Evolutionary Radiations. pp. 265-286. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Spencer, W. K. (1934): British Palaeozoic Asterozoa. - Palaeontograph. Soc. London, Mon., Pt. 9 (1933), 437-494, pls. XXIX-XXXII, text-figs. 281-321. London.

Spencer, W. K. (1951): Early Palaeozoic starfish. - Philosph. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, B 235, 623, 87-129. London.

Šnajdr, M. (1984): Bohemian Ordovician Odontopleuridae (Trilobita). - Sbor. geol. Věd, Paleontologie, 26, 47-82. Praha.

Turek, V. (1990): Z nových přírůstků paleontologického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze. - Čas. Nár. Muz., Ř. přírodověd., 155 (for 1986), 3-4, 136-140. Praha.

Ubaghs, G. (1979): Trois Mitrata (Echinodermata: Stylophora) nouveaux de l'Ordovicien de Tchécoslovaquie. - Paläont. Z., 53, 1-2,: 98-119. Stuttgart.

Ubaghs, G. (1983): Echinodermata. Notes sur les Echinodermes de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire (France). In: Courtessole, R. - Marek, L. - Pillet, J. - Ubaghs, G. - Vizcaino, D.: Calymenina, Echinodermata et Hyolitha de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire (France méridionale). pp. 33-55, Société d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Aude. Carcassonne.

Waagen, W. - Jahn, J. J. (1899): Classe des Echinodermes. 2, Famille des Crinoides. - In: Barrande, J.: Systéme silurien du centre de la Bohéme, 7, 1-215. Praha.

Želízko, J. V. (1911): Zajímavé zbytky crinoidů ze spodního siluru od Ejpovic. - Sbor. Měst. hist. Mus. (Plzeň), 2, 118-120. Plzeň.

V práci jsou charakterizovány jednotlivé stupně českého ordoviku z hlediska zastoupení ostnokožců a "karpoidů" a je zde zpřesněn seznam dosud popsaných druhů včetně jejich stratigrafického rozpětí.

Site Map

Best Excerpts

Bibliographies

Index of Articles

Picture Gallery